The Sun’s rays fall on the collector panel (a component of solar water heating system). A black absorbing surface (absorber) inside the collectors absorbs solar radiation and transfers the heat energy to water flowing through it. Heated water is collected in a tank which is insulated to prevent heat loss. Circulation of water from the tank through the collectors and back to the tank continues automatically due to thermo siphon system. Based on the collector system, solar water heaters can be of two types: A solar water heater consists of a collector to collect solar energy and an insulated storage tank to store hot water. The stored hot water can be used later any time.
Types Of Solar Water Heater
Basically two types of solar water heater are available in the market
Flat Plate Collector (FPC) Solar Water Heater
A black absorbing surface (absorber) inside the flat plate collectors absorbs solar radiation and transfers the energy to water flowing through it. Bureau of Indian Standards has standardized this type of solar collectors in IS 12933; 2003.
Evacuated Tube Collector (ETC) Based Solar Water Heater
An ETC collector is made of double layer borosilicate glass tubes evacuated for providing insulation. The outer wall of the inner tube is coated with selective absorbing material. This helps absorption of solar radiation and transfers the heat to the water which flows through the inner tube. However, these types of collectors have not been standardized and are sourced from the suppliers who have been empaneled by the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy/Government of India on the basis of performance testing of sample system.
Alif Solar
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